Electronic communications are a mixed blessing. Business is more efficient and new ways of commerce continue to open. However, ubiquitous electronic communications have eroded our personal time and presented near-addicting distractions. From a legal standpoint, electronic communications, and especially e-mails, not only create damaging evidence but may even contribute to legal claims.

The Role of E-mails in Business

E-mails and increasingly text messaging allow us to quickly send detailed responses in a fraction of the time it may take to talk. It allows one to send messages in the wee hours of the morning when one could not call the other party. On occasion, a complex topic requires a written explanation or the recipient may be a visual learner who needs to read the instructions. Or perhaps you want to set the tone or provide essential background before engaging in the serious discussion and analysis with others. As a lawyer, I readily admit to crafting my clients’ e-mail communications to build a paper trail or to establish a necessary legal framework. Perhaps the issue is a sensitive legal point and you want no misunderstanding. All valid ways to use e-mail.

Of course, we may use e-mails when we simply do not want to talk to a person. Perhaps the person drones on and you simply don’t have the time to chat. Perhaps you consider yourself a cut-to-the chase kind of manager and don’t believe that you have the time for pleasantries. Perhaps the person has a difficult personality and you are trying to avoid conflict. Maybe you’re just swamped. And … sigh … how many of us foolishly multitask by sending emails while in a meeting or on the phone. I confess my guilt and my increasing acceptance of the fact that one often doesn’t multi task, but rather only does a half … er … halfway job on both tasks.

So e-mail is not “bad.” E-mail is a tool and can be used properly or improperly.

Properly Using the Tool

The proper use of e-mail in communications has been on my mind this week because I have seen situations where the e-mail process exacerbated a situation because of the lack of real time back and forth or because an employee responding was not acting in good faith and was using the e-mail to prevent amicable resolution. Therefore, I will provide some rules and guidance on the proper use of this tool.

• In a perfect world, I’d tell you to draft every e-mail communication as if it will later be an exhibit in a trial … because it may in fact end up as evidence.  I’ll settle for you stopping and thinking in this manner about emails which deal with discipline, counselling, accommodation, complaints and investigation, serious safety matters, and similar HR and Safety topics.

• Always ask yourself, “should I be making this communication in person or over the phone?” “Do I have a specific reason to use E-mail?”

• If you have more than one reason for using e-mail, determine the main reason because your purposes may conflict with one another.  As an example, are you trying to build evidence or document your response?  Or is the principal goal to defuse a situation or to genuinely show employer interest and respond to a concern.  These two goals may conflict with one another.
• These questions become more important when the recipient is a complaining employee.
• E-mail is tone deaf. If the matter is sensitive or inflammatory, think through how a reasonable person will receive the message.  Does the message unintentionally come across as brusque or dismissive? 
• What about perception? As another example, does the e-mail read as if you were attempting to engage in the interactive process to discover a possible reasonable accommodation, or does it look as if your mind is already made up?  Does the e-mail suggest the employer’s good faith or due diligence, or does it appear disinterested?  Does a discussion of the costs of abatement of a hazard appear to be a reasonable determination of feasibility and the most prudent way to expend capital, or does it appear that the employer is callous and putting money ahead of safety.  Remember, we are not talking about your intent, we are talking about PERCEPTION and how the communication may be spun.
• Also consider how an unreasonable person might respond to an email.  Sometimes, no matter what you type, the person will find something objectionable and the communication will throw fuel on the fire or be misused as evidence against you.  A very short e-mail response or the use of other communication method may be wise.
• Admittedly, sometimes e-mail is the only way to respond for any number of reasons, but when the other person is in any way reasonable, a face-to-face meeting allows you to read their expressions and revise your approach.

My conclusion? Think about your e-mails, especially in the HR setting, and use the tool properly.

Howard